The trans-Neptunian object (119951) 2002 KX14 revealed via multiple stellar occultations

Context. Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) are icy bodies located in the outer solar system that offer key insights into the primordial conditions of our planetary system. The stellar occultation technique has proven to be an essential tool for studying these distant and faint objects, enabling precise determinations of their size, shape, and albedo, while also improving estimates of their orbital parameters. Among them, (119951) 2002 KX14 is a large classical TNO with limited previous observations and unresolved questions regarding its physical properties. Aims. This study aims to analyze and characterize the TNO (119951) 2002 KX14 through observations of stellar occultations, providing unique measurements of its size, shape, and albedo. Shape measurements are especially relevant, as only thirteen TNOs have had their projected shapes measured. These results contribute to our understanding of the physical properties of this object and the broader TNO population. Methods. Five stellar occultations by 2002 KX14 were observed from 2020 to 2023, involving multiple telescopes across different locations in Europe and the Americas. High-precision astrometry and photometric data were used to predict the occultation paths and extract ingress and egress timings. One of the events was detected from six sites and there are also several close misses, providing precise constraints for an accurate determination of the object’s limb. Furthermore, elliptical fits to the occultations chords allowed for the determination of the object’s shape and area-equivalent diameter. The geometric albedo was calculated by combining the occultation results with published absolute magnitudes. Results. The five occultations resulted in 15 positive chords that allowed us to accurately measure the shape and size of 2002 KX14. Given that the rotational variability of this body is minimal, we can reasonably assume that the variations are due to albedo features, since the body is classed as a Maclaurin spheroid. The projected ellipse has semi-major and semi-minor axes of 241.0 ± 7.2 km and 157.1 ± 5.2 km, respectively, corresponding to an average area-equivalent diameter of 389.2 ± 8.7 km. The geometric albedo was estimated to be 11.9 ± 0.7%. These values differ from the 455 ± 27 km diameter and the 9.7 -1.3 +1.4 % albedo derived from thermal measurements, offering a more refined understanding of the object’s physical properties.

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Publication Details

Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2025-04-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554154
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Astro and Planetary Science
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
2.31

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article

The trans-Neptunian object (119951) 2002 KX14 revealed via multiple stellar occultations

Murat Kaplan, B. E. Morgado, Candace Gray, F. Organero et al.
2 citations
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astro and Planetary Science
2.31
article

The trans-Neptunian object (119951) 2002 KX14 revealed via multiple stellar occultations

Murat Kaplan, B. E. Morgado, Candace Gray, F. Organero, P. Cacella, A. Álvarez-Candal, O. Canales, Michael F. Skrutskie, B. Sicardy, R. Vieira-Martins, N. Maícas, M. Vara-Lubiano, S. Mottola, Bryan J. Holler, Y. Kılıç, R. Duffard, E. Fernández-Valenzuela, P. Santos-Sanz, Kai Getrost, László Szigeti, A. Derekas, Н. И. Кошкин, Chad K. Ellington, M. Kretlow, Nelson Morales, L. Ana, A. Verbiscer, R. Iglesias-Marzoa, O. Erece, D. Souami, R. Morales, A. Marciniak, Anne Schweizer, M. Assafin, C. Jacques, V. Kashuba, M. Malacarne, J. I. B. Camargo, F. J. Galindo-Guil, F. Braga-Ribas, M. Tekeş, F. L. Rommel, A. R. Gomes-Júnior, J. M. Gómez-Limón, J. Kubánek, O. Schreurs, J. Desmars, Ashok Kumar Pal, J. L. Ortiz, V. Nikitin, F. Colas, Gy. M. Szabó, S. Kashuba, J. L. Rizos, E. Gradovski, D. Lafuente, S. Calavia, Ch. Oncins
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Context. Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) are icy bodies located in the outer solar system that offer key insights into the primordial conditions of our planetary system. The stellar occultation technique has proven to be an essential tool for studying these distant and faint objects, enabling precise determinations of their size, shape, and albedo, while also improving estimates of their orbital parameters. Among them, (119951) 2002 KX14 is a large classical TNO with limited previous observations and unresolved questions regarding its physical properties. Aims. This study aims to analyze and characterize the TNO (119951) 2002 KX14 through observations of stellar occultations, providing unique measurements of its size, shape, and albedo. Shape measurements are especially relevant, as only thirteen TNOs have had their projected shapes measured. These results contribute to our understanding of the physical properties of this object and the broader TNO population. Methods. Five stellar occultations by 2002 KX14 were observed from 2020 to 2023, involving multiple telescopes across different locations in Europe and the Americas. High-precision astrometry and photometric data were used to predict the occultation paths and extract ingress and egress timings. One of the events was detected from six sites and there are also several close misses, providing precise constraints for an accurate determination of the object’s limb. Furthermore, elliptical fits to the occultations chords allowed for the determination of the object’s shape and area-equivalent diameter. The geometric albedo was calculated by combining the occultation results with published absolute magnitudes. Results. The five occultations resulted in 15 positive chords that allowed us to accurately measure the shape and size of 2002 KX14. Given that the rotational variability of this body is minimal, we can reasonably assume that the variations are due to albedo features, since the body is classed as a Maclaurin spheroid. The projected ellipse has semi-major and semi-minor axes of 241.0 ± 7.2 km and 157.1 ± 5.2 km, respectively, corresponding to an average area-equivalent diameter of 389.2 ± 8.7 km. The geometric albedo was estimated to be 11.9 ± 0.7%. These values differ from the 455 ± 27 km diameter and the 9.7 -1.3 +1.4 % albedo derived from thermal measurements, offering a more refined understanding of the object’s physical properties.

Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 697
University of Central Florida, Space Telescope Science Institute, Université de Lille, European Space Agency, European Commission, Universiteit Maastricht, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, Junta de Andalucía, Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, Sorbonne Université, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Observatoire de Paris, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Université de Namur, Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Openalex Percentile: Top 12%
Astro and Planetary Science
2.31
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