Methods of surgical treatment of congenital ptosis (review)

Congenital ptosis is one of the most common eyelid abnormalities in the field of pediatric ophthalmology. This condition is characterized by drooping of the upper eyelid and can lead to functional and aesthetic problems in children in the absence of timely treatment. Various surgical methods aimed at correcting blepharoptosis are described in the literature, including levator resection, frontalis sling and tarsomullerectomy. Levator resection is the most common technique that significantly improves the position of the upper eyelid and provides lasting functional results. Frontalis sling is usually used for severe ptosis or in cases where levator resection is impractical. Tarzomullerectomy surgery is also frequently used, especially in patients with sufficient levator function. An important aspect of surgical treatment is the need for preoperative diagnosis of the degree of ptosis, levator function, and the presence of concomitant abnormalities such as amblyopia and strabismus. The results of surgical procedure show a high degree of patient satisfaction, however, they require constant monitoring to identify possible complications and the need for repeated intervention. Thus, the choice of surgical treatment method should take into account the individual anatomical and physiological characteristics of the patient.