Enhanced Performance of a Graphene-Doped Silicon Sensor Incorporating a 2-D Photonic Crystal Resonator for Terahertz Light Transmission

This study presents the design of a graphene-doped silicon sensor that incorporates a two-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavity resonator integrated into a waveguide. The selection of graphene was predicated on its exceptional optical properties. Defects were introduced into the silicon substrate, and the central holes of the resonator were optimized. The graphene component was then embedded within these central holes in the silicon substrate. Through simulations, the influence of hole dimensions, designed based on wavelength and amplitude, on the transmission of light at the desired frequency was investigated, enabling the determination of the optimal hole size for this application. The results obtained from these simulations indicate that the dimensions of the cavity holes, when combined with graphene doping, significantly enhance the sensor’s birefringence. This is a characteristic that cannot be achieved with silicon alone. The incorporation of graphene as a waveguide has been found to be beneficial for the sensor’s overall performance.