History of the study of the composition and properties of human urine

The history of urine testing is deeply rooted in ancient times. Ancient civilizations mastered the art of urine testing by its appearance, and later, this test was deeply seated as an integral diagnostic method, as evidenced by numerous historical documents. Ancient knowledge, systematized and communicated through written sources, remains the basis for diagnosis and medical practice. Uroscopy, initially a visual-descriptive method, has been improved using modern technologies. To date, new opportunities for urine testing have become available, which has drastically changed clinical practice. The article presents the key takeaways of the history of studying the composition and properties of urine and also prospects for this diagnostic method.