Immune and metabolic effects of African heritage diets versus Western diets in men: a randomized controlled trial

African heritage diets are increasingly being replaced by Western-style dietary patterns because of urbanization, economic development, increased access to processed foods, globalization and changing social norms. The health consequences of this nutrition transition are not well understood. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in the Kilimanjaro region in Northern Tanzania to investigate the immune and metabolic effects of switching between Kilimanjaro heritage-style and Western-style diets for 2 weeks and consuming a traditional fermented banana beverage ('Mbege') for 1 week. Seventy-seven young and healthy volunteers assigned male at birth, some living in urban areas and some living in rural areas, were recruited in the trial. Primary outcomes were changes in the immune and metabolic profile before and after the intervention and at the 4-week follow-up. The switch from heritage-style to Western-style diet affected different metabolic pathways associated with noncommunicable diseases and promoted a pro-inflammatory state with impaired whole-blood cytokine responses to microbial stimulation. In contrast, the switch from Western-style to heritage-style diet or consuming the fermented beverage had a largely anti-inflammatory effect. Some of the observed changes in the immune and metabolic profiles persisted at the follow-up, suggesting a sustained impact from the short-term intervention. These findings show the metabolic and immune effects of dietary transitions and the consumption of fermented beverages, underscoring the importance of preserving indigenous dietary practices to mitigate noncommunicable disease risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa. ISRCTN trial registration: ISRCTN15619939 .

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Publication Details

Journal
Nature Medicine
Published
2025-04-03
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03602-0
Citations
36
Primary Topic
Child Nutrition and Water Access
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
40.31

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article

Immune and metabolic effects of African heritage diets versus Western diets in men: a randomized controlled trial

Paolo Lionetti, Thomas Ulas, Godfrey S. Temba, Suman Kanungo et al.
36 citations
Nature Medicine
Child Nutrition and Water Access
40.31
article

Immune and metabolic effects of African heritage diets versus Western diets in men: a randomized controlled trial

Paolo Lionetti, Thomas Ulas, Godfrey S. Temba, Suman Kanungo, Mihai Gheorghe Netea, Quirijn de Mast, Leo A. B. Joosten, Tal Pecht, André van der Ven, Duccio Cavalieri, Musa M. Mhlanga, Nadira Vadaq, Reginald Adolph Kavishe, Jonas Schulte-Schrepping, Elias Mafuru, Joachim L. Schultze, Lorenzo Bonaguro, Liesbeth van Emst, Vesla I. Kullaya, Blandina Theophil Mmbaga, Mary Mosha
article en
36 citations

Abstract

African heritage diets are increasingly being replaced by Western-style dietary patterns because of urbanization, economic development, increased access to processed foods, globalization and changing social norms. The health consequences of this nutrition transition are not well understood. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in the Kilimanjaro region in Northern Tanzania to investigate the immune and metabolic effects of switching between Kilimanjaro heritage-style and Western-style diets for 2 weeks and consuming a traditional fermented banana beverage ('Mbege') for 1 week. Seventy-seven young and healthy volunteers assigned male at birth, some living in urban areas and some living in rural areas, were recruited in the trial. Primary outcomes were changes in the immune and metabolic profile before and after the intervention and at the 4-week follow-up. The switch from heritage-style to Western-style diet affected different metabolic pathways associated with noncommunicable diseases and promoted a pro-inflammatory state with impaired whole-blood cytokine responses to microbial stimulation. In contrast, the switch from Western-style to heritage-style diet or consuming the fermented beverage had a largely anti-inflammatory effect. Some of the observed changes in the immune and metabolic profiles persisted at the follow-up, suggesting a sustained impact from the short-term intervention. These findings show the metabolic and immune effects of dietary transitions and the consumption of fermented beverages, underscoring the importance of preserving indigenous dietary practices to mitigate noncommunicable disease risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa. ISRCTN trial registration: ISRCTN15619939 .

Nature MedicineVol. 31(5)
University of Bonn (DE), Radboud University Nijmegen (NL), Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO), University Hospital Bonn (DE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE), Radboud University Medical Center (NL), Moshi Co-operative University (TZ), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (NL), Meyer Children's Hospital (IT), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (TZ), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IT), University of Florence (IT)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, ZonMw, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum
Sustainable cities and communities
Openalex Percentile: Top 0%
Child Nutrition and Water Access
40.31
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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