Determination of Microplastics in the Sand of Pimentel Beach-Northern Coast of Peru

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate microplastic (MP) pollution on Pimentel beach, northern Peru, in order to determine and quantify the presence of microplastics in four sampling zones during December 2022, January, and February 2023. Theoretical Framework: This study considers the main theories regarding microplastic pollution, which has become one of the most important environmental challenges of the 21st century. Microplastics, particularly those equal to or larger than 1 mm, are identified using the flotation method, allowing a better understanding of their environmental impact. Method: The methodology used for this study includes the collection of samples in four zones of Pimentel beach at different times of the day (10:00 am, 12:00 pm, 2:00 pm, and 4:00 pm) between December 2022 and February 2023. Microplastics were identified using the flotation method and analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine their composition. Results and Discussion: The results revealed that the highest concentration of microplastics was found in zone 1 in February 2023 (48.75±3.11 particles.m-2), while the lowest concentration was found in zone 4 in December 2022 (22.00±1.21 particles.m-2). Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p<0.05) between sampling zones and monitoring months, which influence the abundance of microplastics in the sand of Pimentel beach. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of fragments of high and low-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polypropylene, suggesting that the origin of microplastics is related to artisanal fishing and recreational activities. Research Implications: The implications of this study are both practical and theoretical, providing a basis for future research on microplastic pollution in beaches in northern Peru. Moreover, the results can influence waste management policies and environmental protection in coastal areas. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing a detailed assessment of microplastic pollution on Pimentel beach, highlighting the relationship between human activities and the presence of microplastics in coastal areas. The relevance of this research lies in its potential to offer valuable information for mitigating the impact of microplastics on marine ecosystems and public health.