1H NMR-based metabolomic study of the effects of yacon syrup supplementation on high-fat diet in rats

Abstract The effect of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) syrup supplementation on the metabolomic profile of plasma from rats with hyperlipidemic diet was investigated. Male rats were distributed into four groups containing 10 animals each: control diet (animals fed with standard diet—12.5% of humidity, 23% of crude protein, 4% of ethereal extract, 9% mineral material, and 5% of crude fibre); high-fat diet (HFD—37.5% standard feed, 25% milk chocolate, 25% unsalted and peeled peanuts and 12.5% cornstarch cookie, totalling 14% protein, 38% carbohydrate, and 48% lipids); HFD +1% FOS, and HFD +2% FOS, which received HFD for 5 weeks and then, received HDF supplemented with 1% and 2% FOS (HFDY1 and HFDY2, respectively). The HFDY2 samples showed decreased fatty acids, glucose, and glycerol compared to HFD. The presence of short-chain fatty acids in the HFDY2 samples highlighted the functional action of the prebiotic, which was not observed in the HFDY1 group. Additionally, HFD can lead to disturbed glycolysis and altered anaerobic metabolism based on increased lactate. Glycerol, glutamate, and glutamine were associated as biomarkers for hyperlipidemia, evidencing that supplementation with 2% FOS was not effective in mitigating the effects of an HFD.