Autonomous language learning as political activism: Roma autodidacts as catalysts of the nascent Romani language revitalisation movement in Spain

The literature on autonomous language learning (ALL) beyond the classroom is scarce, especially from a critical perspective. To overcome the sustained depoliticisation of ALL, this paper explores Spanish Roma’s revitalisation of their stolen language in the face of widespread anti-Gypsyism as a remarkable example of how ALL can be utilised beyond the classroom to resist institutional injustice and bring about sociopolitical change. Firstly, this paper conceptualises autonomous language learning as sociopolitical activism, contextualising ALL activism within the relevant literature and delving into its definition, modalities, and unique virtues. Secondly, this paper examines the case of the nascent Romani revitalisation movement in Spain as a vivid example of All activism. A qualitative study was conducted, interviewing key figures in the Spanish-Romani community. Results reveal how Spanish Roma are reclaiming their stolen language through individual/communal autonomous learning, its positive psychological impact on the community, and the politics surrounding their lifelong learning. Results pave the way for future research on the politics of critical ALL outside formal education. Likewise, further research led by Roma scholars is essential to deepen our understanding of this revitalisation movement and support its advancement.