CFD-driven evaluation of winglet cant angle: Insights into aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance

The global oil crisis of the 1970s highlighted the need for fuel-efficient aircraft, leading to the adoption of winglets as a key solution for reducing fuel consumption. This study investigates the influence of winglet cant angles on aerodynamic efficiency and noise propagation in commercial aircraft. The research employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the k - ϵ turbulence model to evaluate compressible subsonic flow around a wing with a blended winglet. The Broadband Noise Source (BNS) model is used to assess aeroacoustic performance. The study examines the pressure coefficient ( C P ), acoustic power level (APL), and vorticity distribution across different cant angles and angles of attack. Integral aerodynamic parameters, including lift-to-drag ratio and range factor, are also analyzed to quantify performance variations. The results argue that increasing the winglet cant angle enhances aerodynamic efficiency but also influences noise characteristics. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing winglet design for improved fuel efficiency and noise control in commercial aviation. • Comprehensive numerical analysis of winglet cant angle, balancing aerodynamic efficiency and noise emissions. • Analyzes the formation and evolution of tip vortices and their influence on aerodynamic efficiency. • The 90 ∘ cant angle maximizes aerodynamic performance and range enhancement. • Winglets affect noise distribution, with higher cant angles increasing acoustic power level. • Optimal cant angle design improves L/D ratio, boosting aircraft efficiency.