High‐Voltage‐Activated F‐V ₂ O ₅ Anode Material with Multiscale Stabilization for Durable Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract Stable aqueous lithium‐ion batteries (ALIBs) are promising candidates for sustainable energy conversion and storage. V 2 O 5 , as an anode material, offers high theoretical capacity (294 mAh g −1 ) but suffers from poor stability, limiting its practical application. To overcome this challenge, the study develops durable ALIBs utilizing a high‐voltage‐activated fluorine doping V 2 O 5 (VOF) anode with a multiscale stabilization effect. Fluorine doping markedly improves electrical conductivity and facilitates the formation of a stable, uniform solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) during high‐voltage activation, effectively preventing electrolyte decomposition and side reactions. The strong V‐F bond, coupled with the high electronegativity of fluorine, modifies the electron density around vanadium, weakening interactions with H 2 O and enhancing the structural integrity. Benefiting from the multiscale strategy, VOF//LiMn 2 O 4 achieves a high working voltage (0.2–2.4 V), near‐theoretical initial capacity (292.73 mAh g −1 ), attractive energy density (188.14 Wh kg −1 ), and negligible attenuation within 500 cycles. Furthermore, pouch ALIBs demonstrate high reversible capacity and excellent durability when applied as energy storage devices for solar cell panels. This work provides innovative insights into enhancing the long‐term endurance of energy storage materials, advancing sustainable technologies for next‐generation energy storage systems.