Nursing Insights on the Utilization of Arteriovenous Fistulas with Artificial Blood Vessel in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis

目的：探讨维持性血液透析的糖尿病肾病患者应用人工血管建立动静脉内瘘的护理体会。方法：总结我科2022年6月至2024年6月对32例糖尿病肾病患者应用人工血管建立动静脉内瘘，护理要点包括：术后的使用及护理、并发症的预防护理、人文关怀及心理支持。结果：31例均未出现人工血管内瘘并发症，血管通畅，杂音响亮，透析时穿刺容易。1例患者72小时内出现内瘘处血管杂音减弱，但是波及范围小，报告医生予积极处理，血管杂音逐渐恢复。结论：维持性血液透析的糖尿病肾病患者应用人工血管建立动静脉内瘘，护士要正确掌握人工血管内瘘的使用及护理和对并发症的预防，重视人文关怀及心理护理，可延长其使用寿命，提高患者生活质量。Objective: To discuss the nursing experiences related to the application of arteriovenous fistulas with artificial blood vessels in diabetic nephropathy patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Methods: We summarized the clinical data of 32 diabetic nephropathy patients who underwent the creation of arteriovenous fistulas using artificial blood vessels in our department from June 2022 to June 2024. The key nursing points included postoperative use and care, prevention and management of complications, and provision of humanistic care and psychological support. Results: Among the 32 patients, 31 did not develop complications related to the artificial blood vessel fistulas. The blood vessels remained unobstructed, with a loud thrill, and easy puncture during dialysis. One patient experienced a weakened thrill at the fistula site within 72 hours, but the affected area was small. The doctor was informed and took active measures, resulting in a gradual recovery of the thrill. Conclusion: For diabetic nephropathy patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis with arteriovenous fistulas created using artificial blood vessels, it is crucial for nurses to master the correct use and care of the artificial blood vessel fistulas and to prevent complications. Emphasizing humanistic care and psychological nursing can prolong the lifespan of the fistulas and enhance the quality of life for patients.