Nanomaterial-based Approaches for Non-invasive Diabetes Management:The Future of Glycaemic Control

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pressing global health crisis affecting millions worldwide. The conventional method of blood glucose monitoring (BGM) via finger pricking presents challenges, including discomfort and inconvenience, leading to inconsistent testing habits. This review aims to investigate the potential of nanomaterials in developing non-invasive, continuous glucose sensors that can analyse alternative body fluids like sweat or tears, thereby eliminating the necessity for finger pricks. Studies investigating the potential of nanomaterials in diabetes management were sourced from academic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, based on predetermined selection criteria. Nanomaterials are transforming glucose monitoring by enhancing accuracy through better bioreceptor immobilization. Advances like niosomes for improved drug absorption, nanofibers for painless insulin delivery, and gold nanoparticles for testing are paving the way for more effective solutions. By blending nanotechnology with glucose monitoring, these innovations offer diabetics a simpler, more comfortable way to manage their condition, improving both outcomes and everyday quality of life.