THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ENERGY SECTOR IN BUILDING SOCIAL WELL-BEING: CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE POLISH PERSPECTIVE

Purpose: The main objective of the article is to demonstrate that the currently adopted path of economic development in the Polish energy sector is accelerating ecological crisis and failing to ensure the ecological and economic security essential for long-term sustainability. By highlighting the negative consequences of present-day energy policies, it emphasizes the need for a more holistic approach that incorporates economic, social, and environmental considerations. critical literature Design/methodology/approach: This article employs a triangulation of methods, including a review, hermeneutic analysis, logical-semantic analysis, and conceptualization of key terms, guided by the principle of Occam’s razor for clarity and precision. It examines the implications of Poland’s energy sector policies on ecological sustainability, economic security, and social well-being. The approach provides a multifaceted perspective on energy transition within the framework of sustainable development. Findings: A crucial focus has been placed on the energy sector, given its substantial contribution to CO₂ emissions. The argument presented here is that only by integrating environmental objectives with economic and social goals could Poland—and indeed other nations—achieve relevant level of the sustainable development. The key point is that such integration requires rethinking current policy and energy strategies, prioritizing investments in low-carbon technologies, and strengthening public participation mechanisms to foster greater awareness and engagement. Research limitations/implications: The Polish energy sector operates within a unique socio political and economic context, influenced by historical dependence on coal, current policy structures, and public sentiment. These factors may reduce the generalizability of research findings to other countries with different energy mixes and policy frameworks. While this research emphasizes the importance of public participation, it does not extensively analyze the perspectives of all stakeholder groups e.g., local communities, private sector, or non governmental organizations. A broader range of viewpoints could further enrich the findings. Practical implications: The findings of this research could serve as a valuable resource for researchers and experts in sustainable development, energy policy, and environmental studies, as well as policymakers and local government representatives responsible for implementing environmental and energy strategies. Social implications: Additionally, non-governmental organizations, scientific research institutions who are engaged in the future of the energy sector should also find the results of the study valuable for the public debate and policy decisions. Originality/value: The study calls for policy changes, investments in low-carbon technologies, and greater public involvement to support sustainable energy transitions. These recommendations are tailored to Poland’s specific social and economic context, offering practical insights for improving sustainability.