Evaluation of Platelet and its Indices as Markers of Neonatal Sepsis

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, particularly in developing countries. Early diagnosis is challenging due to the nonspecific clinical presentation and the limitations of conventional diagnostic methods such as blood culture. Platelet indices, including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), have emerged as potential biomarkers for neonatal sepsis due to their role in inflammation and immune response. Objectives: 1) To evaluate platelet and its indices as markers of neonatal sepsis. 2) To compare the platelet indices (platelet count, MPV, PDW) in early and late onset sepsis. Methods: This prospective observational study included neonates diagnosed with sepsis. Platelet count and indices were measured on day 1, day 3, and day 5 of illness. Neonates were categorized based on type of sepsis onset (early or late). Statistical analyses were performed to assess differences in platelet indices between these groups. Results: Among 150 neonates, early - onset sepsis was more prevalent (57.3%). Platelet count was significantly lower in neonates with Late - onset sepsis compared to early - onset sepsis (p = 0.004). MPV and PDW were significantly elevated in septic neonates reflecting increased platelet activation during sepsis. Serial measurements showed a progressive decline in platelet count and dynamic changes in platelet indices over time. Conclusion: Platelet indices, particularly MPV and PDW, demonstrate potential as adjunctive markers for the early diagnosis and monitoring of neonatal sepsis. Their routine assessment, along with conventional biomarkers, could improve early identification and guide timely intervention.