An Analysis on the E-Government and Sustainable Development Goals of Tanzania: Aligning Digital Initiatives with Public Policy Objectives

E-government is a concept used to describe the intrude of technological advances to the improvement of public services with regard to their effectiveness, availability, and openness to the public, thereby integrating technology in the development of sustainable solutions. This paper assesses Tanzania's level of implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) utilizing e-government and examines its influence on policy changes, the moderating roles of transparency and accountability, and the impact of digital inclusion. The study employed a longitudinal survey approach, selecting a random sample of 384 participants to evaluate e-government's contribution to SDGs. Data was collected using closed-ended Likert-scale questionnaires via online and paper-based methods. Convenience sampling was used, and data underwent variable cleaning and pre-processing. Hierarchical multiple linear regression and path analysis were conducted to test hypotheses, validate relationships, and examine digital inclusion as a moderator. Findings indicate strong positive correlations between e-government initiatives (EGI) and SDG progress (&beta; = 0.706, p < 0.001). EGI significantly enhances policy outcomes (&beta; = 0.23, p < 0.001), and transparency and accountability mediate this relationship (effect size = 0.6233, p < 0.001). However, digital inclusion negatively moderates the EGI-SDG relationship (&beta; = -0.46, p < 0.001), highlighting disparities in access and impact.