Comprehensive Review of Cryptography and Steganography Algorithms

During recent decades, the utilization of digital communication has played a fundamental role across various industries such as healthcare, banking, and information technology corporations. All data that is transmitted via the Internet requires a high level of protection to ensure safe transmission of the original data from the source to the intended destination. Cryptography and information hiding techniques have emerged as two key components for protecting sensitive data and communication channels, providing another layer of security. This paper explores the benefits and challenges associated with the combination of cryptography and steganography and identify the potential vulnerabilities of current image steganography techniques and improve overall security of covert communication systems. Cryptography and Steganography provide a multi-layered defense against prospective threats. Encryption protects the privacy of information, whereas steganography adds another layer of obscurity, making it difficult for adversaries to identify and intercept sensitive data. Moreover, Cryptography and information hiding have many applications in the contemporary day, including the security of confidential financial data and the protection of secret government records. Considering the rapid growth of electronic communication and the escalating volume of data communicated over the Internet, there is an urgent need for robust encryption and data concealment methods. As a result, this integration satisfies the requirements of capacity, security, and robustness for secure data transmission over an open channel.