The Reciprocal Relationship Between Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Leisure-Time Physical Activity for Older Adults

This study examines reciprocal relationships between neighborhood social cohesion and leisure-time physical activity among older adults (65 years and older) and compares the findings with those of the general adult population (18 years and older). Using data from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) (N = 7714 older adults and 34,412 general adults), a cross-sectional analysis was conducted with structural equation modeling in Mplus 7.31. Results indicate that older adults engage in significantly less leisure-time physical activity but report higher neighborhood social cohesion than the general adult population. Notably, the relationship between light or moderate leisure-time physical activity and neighborhood social cohesion was observed only among older adults. These findings highlight the value of creating group programs that simultaneously foster social cohesion and encourage physical activity as an effective strategy for promoting well-being in older adults.