Comparative Study of <i>in vitro</i> Anti-proliferative Activity of Metformin, Teneligliptin, and Canagliflozin against Breast Cancer Cell Line

Background Cancer has become the second leading cause of death among the Indian population. Objectives The purpose of the research was to elucidate and compare the suppressive impact on cell proliferation of metformin, teneligliptin, and canagliflozin on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods The MTT assay was employed to assess the anti-proliferative impact of the anti-diabetic drugs metformin, teneligliptin, and canagliflozin on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. After the MCF-7 cells achieved total growth, they were transferred to 24 well plates. Various quantities of metformin, teneligliptin, and canagliflozin were then administered to the appropriate wells. The maximum concentration was set at 1,000 µg/mL, but eight other concentrations were also set, with the lowest dosage being 7.8 µg/mL. Results Through MTT assay, the cell viability of metformin was found to be 50.79, 48.77, 45.30, 41.40, 36.22, 29.35, 23.29, and 16.58% respectively. At concentrations of 7.8, 15.6, 31.2, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL, the cell viability of teneligliptin was found to be 70.68, 63.79, 60.34, 50.48, 45.26, 41.37, 29.31, and 20.68%, respectively, and the cell viability of canagliflozin was found to be 72.28, 66.86, 51.96, 46.17, 40.34, 37.93, 34.38, and 27.58%, respectively. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC 50 ) values for metformin, canagliflozin, and teneligliptin were 7.8, 31.2, and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion All the three selected anti-diabetic drugs produced significant anti-proliferative activity in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are needed to find the molecular mechanism behind it.