Analysis of factors affecting the safety of navigation

The article presents a study of the factors affecting the safety of navigation on sea and inland waterways. It is noted that the accident rate of ships in conditions of heavy traffic has increased rapidly and, often, human errors are the main cause of incidents. Based on the study of international and national regulatory documents, as well as scientific approaches of domestic and foreign scientists, the systematization of the main groups of factors has been carried out, divided into internal and external, which proves that it allows comprehensive consideration of issues of ensuring the safety of navigation. It is emphasized that the scientific literature considers a wide range of components that determine the reliable movement of ships, such as: natural and climatic conditions, environmental conditions, regulatory and legal regulation, technical condition of ships, operating conditions of ships and others. At the same time, most scientists single out the human factor as a key aspect ensuring the stability of the vessel's operation. Developing this approach, the article presents a detailed hierarchy of the influence of the human factor on the safety of navigation developed by the author, which highlights the components of direct and indirect impact, grouped by categories: professional and physical condition of ship crews, compliance with working conditions, nutrition and medical care, technical aspects, regulatory support: international and national documents, organizational provision, technical support, infrastructure support, information support and social and labor support. The results of the study demonstrate their importance and the need to integrate them into corporate management processes, which will allow a comprehensive approach to the development of measures to improve the safety of navigation and minimize risks.