The Justice for Mu’tazilah "Critical analytical Study"

In this study, I address the intellectual and rational analysis of one of the key principles of the Mu’tazilah school, namely divine justice. I have employed a descriptive, analytical, and critical methodology in studying this issue. The Mu’tazilah based their principle on the rational concepts of “goodness” (al-ḥusn) and “badness” (al-qubḥ), and their belief in God’s justice. They formulated a concept of justice and a corresponding concept of injustice, which they argued God is free from. This led them to assert that human beings create their own actions while denying predestination. They emphasized a rational perspective, with the understanding that there should be no conflict between reason (ʿaql) and revelation (naql), as both sources ultimately originate from God, the Almighty. The study highlights the doctrinal stance of the Mu'tazilah in contrast to the perspective of Sunni scholars. The opinions are presented and discussed across three sections and six subsections. The study's key finding is that both the Sunni school and the Mu’tazilah agree on the concept of God’s absolute justice and His immunity from injustice. However, the differences expand as the Mu’tazilah present meanings that conflict with their original principles, necessitating a precise and scholarly response, both rationally and scripturally, to their foundational assertions