Bioactivity of Vitamin D and Tinospora cordifolia Extract in Increasing Cathelicidin Synthesis and Regulating TNF Alpha Production in CD66a Cells

Background: Cathelicidin is an antimicrobial peptide that plays an important function in the innate immune system as the first line of defense against infections.There is still not a lot of information on the compounds that keep the body's cathelicidin production going.The aim of the study: To observe the effect of vitamin D and Tinospora cordifolia Extract (TCE) for 28 days on the production of cathelicidin and (Tumor necrosis Factor) TNF alpha in CD66a cells shortly after the mice were infected with E. coli.Materials and methods: We conducted a study with five treatment groups using BALB/c mice.Normal Group (NG): standard diet without treatment, Infected Group (IG): standard diet and infected on day 29, Vitamin D Group (VDG): standard diet + Vitamin D 100 micrograms/kg body weight and infected on day 29, Tinospora cordifolia Group (TCG): standard diet + TCE 100 mg/kg body weight and infected on day 29, and Combination group (CG): standard diet+ Vitamin D 100 micrograms/kg body weight + TCE 100 mg/kg body weight and infected on day 29.On day 29, the spleen was isolated at the end of treatment, and the production of cathelicidin and TNF alpha in CD66a cells was evaluated using flow cytometry and analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05).Results: Our findings show that vitamin D significantly increases cathelicidin synthesis, suggesting that it can potentially improve innate immunity.While Vitamin D and TC combined increased cathelicidin production slightly, the effect was not statistically significant.Interestingly, neither vitamin D nor TC substantially affected TNF alpha production.The combination of vitamin D and TC, on the other hand, resulted in a considerable drop in TNF alpha levels, indicating a synergistic anti-inflammatory action.Conclusion: These findings suggest a possible avenue for exploiting vitamin D and TC's combined effects in enhancing immunological responses, particularly in cathelicidin production.