3D-Printed Medical Devices: Heart Valves, A Step Toward Personalized Cardiovascular Medicine.

The advancement of personalized healthcare through three-dimensional (3D) printing shows significant potential in treating cardiovascular medical conditions. Through the ability to create customized heart valves based on patient anatomy, 3D printing helps prevent issues such as thrombosis while enhancing fluid movement and extending the lifespan of implanted devices. The paper covers key technologies supporting 3D-printed medical devices, heart valves, suitable materials, computational modeling, and manufacturing processes before discussing perspectives, considerations, and challenges for widespread adoption. The final objective includes personalized medical devices, particularly, heart valves, which provide improved results compared to standard store-bought prosthetic valves.