Comparative analysis of achievements and problems of carbon neutrality policy in Russia and China

Currently, Russia is the country with the highest carbon emissions per capita, and China is the world's largest carbon emitter. Both countries are facing the dual pressures of economic development and carbon reduction, and must achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, which is the common goal of both countries. The 28th UN Climate Change Conference in 2023 conducted the first global analysis of the progress made by countries around the world in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement. In this context, the comparative analysis method is used to understand and summarize the carbon-neutral policies and actions of Russia and China, as well as to point out the problems and challenges faced by the two countries. The author analyzed policy documents on carbon neutrality from Russian and Chinese government departments, as well as research reports and data from international organizations, industry reports from world-renowned consulting firms and literature. This article is aimed at summarizing the state of development of carbon neutrality policy in Russia and China, analyzing common and various problems that arise, and making recommendations for the successful achievement of carbon neutrality goals. The author presented the progress and results of the implementation of the carbon neutrality strategy in these countries, as well as provided guidelines for further promotion of carbon neutrality in the future. Russia and China face such challenges as high cost and economic sanctions; that hinder the achievement of carbon neutrality. Therefore, both countries need to strengthen legislation related to carbon neutrality, increase the level of development of green technologies, promote innovative financial policies and strengthen international cooperation.