Dual Backbone Multi-Attention Hierarchical Fusion and Feature Enhancement Network for Crowd Counting

In recent years, significant progress has been made in crowd counting with the development of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, while CNNs excel at extracting local features, their limited receptive fields restrict their ability to model global context. In contrast, Transformers can effectively model long-distance dependencies, but are inferior to CNN in capturing local detail features. Local details and global context information are crucial to handle large-scale changes in crowds. To address this problem, we propose a novel dual backbone network (DBNet) that integrates CNN and Transformer architectures, aiming to capture and aggregate both global semantic information and local detail features at multiple levels. Specifically, the dual backbone structure is designed to extract fine-grained local features while modeling long-range contextual relationships. Additionally, we introduce a multi-attention hierarchical fusion module (MAHF) that integrates global and local features from the two backbones while suppressing background noise. To further enhance accuracy in the presence of multi-scale variations, we also employ a Feature Enhancement Module (FEM), which enables the network to more effectively identify edge features and facilitates more effective multi-scale feature modeling. Extensive experiments on ShanghaiTech, UCF-QNRF, and JHU-Crowd++ datasets demonstrate that DBNet achieves competitive performance, validating the effectiveness of our approach.