The enhancement of the optical, magnetic, and ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3-δ by doping with SrFeO3-δ

Abstract In the present work, (1-x) BaTiO 3-δ − xSrFeO 3-δ (where x = 0 and 0.05) perovskite samples were prepared. The structure of these samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM), EDS elemental mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The optical properties of BaTiO 3-δ were enhanced with introducing SrFeO 3-δ (x = 0.05) by the reduction of the direct and indirect band gap energies. The magnetic measurements of these samples confirmed the ferromagnetic ordering and it was enhanced with introducing SrFeO 3-δ (x = 0.05). The dielectric constant (ε r ) of BaTiO 3-δ enhanced with introducing SrFeO 3-δ (x = 0.05). The polarization-electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops and the bipolar strain-electric field (S-E) loops measurements showed that these samples have ferroelectric and piezoelectric nature, respectively. The sample at x = 0.05 showed good ability to generate ultrasonic waves with nominal frequency of proximately 5 MHz.