A novel deep learning approach for investigating liquid fuel injection in combustion system

The intricacies and instability of introducing cryogenic propellants into the combustion system have piqued the curiosity of scientists studying the procedure. The latest innovation is utilizing data-driven machine learning and deep learning approaches to gain deeper insights into the related difficulties. However, the current work serves as a baseline for future research because relatively few studies have used data-driven methodologies to assess the temperature of liquid fuel injections in combustion systems. The performance of Linear Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Extra Trees Regressor (ETR), Polynomial Regression (PR), Support Vector Regressor (SVR), Decision Tree Regressor (DTR), Gradient Boost Regressor (GBR), XGB Regressor (XGBoost), AdaBoost Regressor (ABR), K-Neighbors Regressor (KNR), Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Bi-LSTM (Bi-directional Long-Short Term Memory) has all been investigated in this study. The study also suggested a Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN) to examine its performance and paired it with an Extra Tree Regressor (ETR). The coupled FCNN and Extra Tree Regressor outperform the other algorithms with a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.0000005062, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.00071148, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.00020672, and R-squared (R2) value of 0.99998689. Linear Regression, Polynomial Regression, and Support Vector Regressor are found to be the least-performing algorithms. The current work uses machine learning and deep learning methods to make data-driven decisions for liquid fuel injection in the combustion system.