Exploring the phytochemical contents and therapeutic potential of Ficus nervosa (L) leaves: focusing on the hemostatic and antibacterial activity

The leaves of Ficus nervosa have a long history of use in traditional medicine for the treatment of various illnesses., but scientific validation of its hemostatic and antibacterial properties remains scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the cold methanol extracts of these leaves for their hemostatic and antibacterial properties while conducting preliminary phytochemical screening and acute toxicity testing. As Ficus species being widely studied for their bioactive compounds, there is a significant document in the literature regarding the specific hemostatic and antibacterial effects of leaves extract. This study demonstrating that the extract exhibits an oral LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg in rats, indicating favorable safety profile. Additionally, over a 14-day period, the extract produced a dose-dependent and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced bleeding time and blood loss in pre-treated rats, suggesting notable astringent and pro-coagulant properties. Antibacterial studies demonstrated that a 400 μg dose of all extract fractions effectively inhibited bacterial growth, with inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 21 mm. This dual activity suggests the potential therapeutic use of F. nervosa leaves extracts in infections where bleeding and bacterial control are needed. The study provides preclinical evidence of the therapeutic potential of F. nervosa leaves in managing bleeding and bacterial infections, thus addressing crucial evidence in the field of phytochemistry and therapeutic application. Future research is warranted to isolate the specific bioactive compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action to further support the development of new treatments and contributing to modern medicinal practices based on this plant leaves.