Malaria dynamics of transmission for individuals with multi-layered susceptibility

The alarming prevalence of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, has long been a global concern due to their ability to infect individuals across all social classes, thus leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. This study investigates the role of mosquito bites frequency in dynamics of transmission of malaria. Mainly, featuring the mathematical classification of susceptible individuals into high and low risk. The present study employs a time-dependent, social hierarchy-structured deterministic model to analyse the vulnerability of multi-layered classes to the transmission dynamics of malaria disease. This analysis takes into account the interaction between the human population and the mosquito vector population. Human infection statuses are divided into four categories: susceptible, infected, and recovered individuals, with further stratification of susceptible individuals based on their risk level. Concurrently, the total vector population is divided into susceptible and infected mosquitoes. The disease free equilibrium, basic reproduction number and endemic equilibrium were computed. The findings show that the higher the number susceptible humans subjected to high risk the higher number of infected human individuals.