Efficacy of Particulate Dentin Graft and Recombinant Human Platelet-derived Growth Factor for Bone Regeneration in Human Infrabony Periodontal Defects - A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract Background: Periodontal regeneration is vital in periodontal therapy, involving complex biological processes. While autogenous bone grafts are considered optimal, their limitations have led to exploring alternatives such as human particulate dentin autograft (PDG). Growth factors such as recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF) have shown bone regeneration potential. This study evaluated the efficacy of PDG combined with rhPDGF for bone regeneration in human infrabony periodontal defects. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial compared test sites treated with PDG with rhPDGF to control sites receiving open flap debridement in 25 chronic periodontitis patients. Clinical parameters, including plaque and gingival indices, clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), gingival recession, and bone fill, were assessed at baseline and 6 months posttreatment. Results: PD showed marked reductions, decreasing from 8.92 ± 1.15 mm to 2.56 ± 0.65 mm in test sites and from 8.24 ± 1.33 mm to 3.48 ± 0.77 mm in control sites. Similarly, CAL demonstrated significant gains, improving from 9.28 ± 1.69 mm to 3.16 ± 1.31 mm in test sites and from 8.72 ± 1.59 mm to 4.24 ± 1.69 mm in control sites. Notably, the test group exhibited a significantly higher mean bone fill (72.85%) compared to the control group (29.40%). Conclusion: The combination of PDG and rhPDGF shows promise as an effective approach for bone regeneration in infrabony periodontal defects.