Energy and trust-aware hybrid optimisation for RPL routing in mobile internet of things

The RPL specification encrypts control messages, but internal attackers and self-serving behaviour can still exploit RPL. To encounter the issues of the lack of robust security mechanisms in RPL, this paper concentrates on the modelling of energy and trust-aware RPL routing models in mobile IoT via an advanced hybrid optimisation algorithm. This proposes the algorithm Manta-Ray Updated White Shark Optimisation (MRUWSO). The four stages are: DIO messages are broadcast by the root node, and every node that receives a DIO message updates its routing tables with the root. The optimal route establishment is done by a proposed MRUWSO algorithm. Thirdly, optimal routing will be done under the improved trust evaluation function that ensures the authentication. Lastly, if the preferred parent changes or a route is updated, every time, a DAO message needs to be sent. The proposed MRUWSO attained a minimal delay of 1.21×e−07 under 500 nodes which is superior.