Synthesis of Green Metal Nanoparticle using Medicinal plants extracts for Antimicrobial Activity

Introduction: One sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible way to create antibacterial compounds is by green synthesis of metal nanoparticles with medicinal plant extracts. Instead of using harmful reagents, plant-mediated synthesis makes use of bioactive chemicals to make nanoparticles that are more stable and biocompatible. The purpose of this research is to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an extract from Azadirachta indica (Neem) and then test their antibacterial effectiveness. Materials and Methods: The controlled mixing of an aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract with a silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution allowed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Photoelectron spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) all verified the creation of AgNPs. The agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Results: A distinctive surface plasmon resonance peak at around 420 nm was observed in the produced AgNPs. FTIR testing proved that the phytochemicals that stabilized and reduced the nanoparticles were indeed present. SEM pictures showed that the AgNPs had a spherical shape with an average size of 20-50 nm, while XRD examination confirmed that the AgNPs are crystalline. The antibacterial activity of the AgNPs was substantial, with inhibition zones measuring 12–20 mm for different microbial strains. The bacteria S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and Candida albicans exhibited the greatest sensitivity. Conclusion: This study provides more evidence that AgNPs may be synthesized environmentally using Azadirachta indica extract, and it emphasizes the antibacterial power of these nanoparticles. Additional research into the biological uses of this environmentally friendly method is warranted, especially in the fight against drug-resistant infections.