Enhancing Satellite Image Resolution with Generative Adversarial Networks

Satellite imagery plays a crucial role in land use mapping, land cover classification, and the detection of an- thropogenic interference in natural environments. However, the effectiveness of these applications depends significantly on image quality, which is often compromised by atmospheric conditions such as clouds and shadows, as well as radiometric incon- sistencies. This paper explores the application of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) as a state-of-the-art approach to satellite image super-resolution. By employing a two-component architecture—a generator that upscales low-resolution inputs and a discriminator that ensures photorealistic outputs—GANs can overcome the hardware limitations of satellite sensors while preserving critical spatial details. The proposed methodology incorporates specialized loss functions to maintain structural integrity and enhance feature extraction capabilities. Results demonstrate that GAN-based super-resolution techniques not only improve visual quality but also significantly enhance the accuracy of downstream analytical tasks in urban planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster response. This approach represents a promising direction for advancing geospatial intelli- gence and remote sensing applications where high-resolution data is essential but often unavailable through conventional means. Index Terms—GAN, Planet Imagery, Normalization