Implementing ChatGPT as Tutor, Tutee, and Tool in Physics and Chemistry

In the age of modern technology, generative artificial intelligience-powered chatbots offer a variety of uses for different purposes. Undoubtedly, ChatGPT is one of the most widely used chatbots in science education. In this paper, we review the implementations of chatbots, focusing particularly in teaching and learning physics and chemistry. Their roles in the context of science education are classified as tutee, tutor, and tool. We found the development of ChatGPT to be quite impressive. As a tutee, the latest version of ChatGPT is a fast learner, capable of passing standard tests and providing accurate scientific answers using approaches like Chain-of-Thought and Socratic-style dialogue. As a tutor, it can help students learn through classroom teaching techniques such as scaffolding and enhance critical thinking by acting as a personal tutor that offers instantaneous feedback. As a tool, ChatGPT can assist in reviewing students’ handwritten homework, drafting scientific writing, and generating code for science programming. Although ChatGPT offers many benefits, it can sometimes provide inaccurate information, necessitating human oversight in science education. Importantly, students should be taught to critically assess the responses provided by ChatGPT and understand its ethical use to ensure effective utilization.