Geografía histórico-política de las fortalezas de Cartagena (España): un patrimonio identitario

The military fortifications on the coast of Cartagena (Spain) are an example of the historic defensive heritage that has become a heritage and tourist symbol of the ancient city, famous for its port, considered the safest in the Mediterranean. Since the 16th century, the insecurity of the Cartagena coast, besieged by incursions from North Africa, made it necessary to fortify the coast by building watchtowers. These strategic sites were transformed over the course of history to become military batteries and castles, highlighting the latest renovations in the 20th century that give them their current appearance. The historical and strategic value, added to the architectural value inserted within the eclectic and modernist trends, and the landscape value, due to its location in mountainous points facing the sea, make this heritage complex a cultural and tourist resource, which represents a distinct and unique identity legacy. The work presents theoretical foundations on the historical defensive heritage and the historical geopolitical context, reasons to understand the need to build these fortifications on the Mediterranean coast, including the geographical characterization of the study area. It is a contribution that combines the study of geohistorical sources and the geostrategic discussion, applied to a relevant case study such as Cartagena. Finally, it highlights the imprint of this cultural heritage and underlines the need for its protection and enhancement.