Phytochemical Screening and Anti Inflammatory Activity of Drynaria quercifolia Rhizome

ABSTRACT: Inflammation is the complex response of blood vessels to harmful elements like bacteria, irritants, or cells that are injured.Plant derived bioactive compounds have many biological functions including decrease of inflammation. The bioactive compounds derived from Drynaria quercifolia rhizomes possess antiinflammatory properties. The Drynaria quercifolia rhizomesample was collected from the Koyambedu market, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.The collected rhizomes were subjected to wet and dry weight measurementwhich results found1800g of wet rhizomes gave 440g of dry rhizome powder. The experiments were conducted usingtwo different solvents:ethanol and hot distilled water to extract phytochemicals from Drynaria quercifolia rhizome.Ethanolic extract contains alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, quinones, steroids and terpenoids. Hot distilled water extract contains the cardiac glycosides, phenols, proteins, quinones, steroids and terpenoids. The total phenolic content of Drynaria quercifolia rhizome using ethanolic extraction was about 36.731mg of gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight whereas hot distilled water extraction contained 30.296mg of gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight. The ethanolic extract exhibited a protein denaturation inhibition of 77.72% at 1600 µg/mL, which was lower than that of the standard diclofenac sodium (92.80%) at the same 1600 µg/mL of concentration.Lower level of protein denaturation was inhibited in hot distilled water extract (68.85%) at 1600 µg/mL of concentration when compared to standard drug and ethanolic extract. These experiments were triplicated using theone-way ANOVA method.IC50 values of the standard drug (Diclofenac sodium), ethanolicextract and hot distilled water extract were 69.7µg/mL, 357.28µg/mL and 402.60µg/mL respectively.