Unraveling Prostate Cancer Risk: Age, Genetics, And Lifestyle Modifications

Introduction: Prostate cancer is a leading malignancy in men, influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Key risks include advanced age, family history, high-fat diets, and genetic mutations like BRCA1, BRCA2, and HOXB13. Despite lower incidence in Asian populations, rates are rising due to changing lifestyles and underdiagnosis. This study investigates these factors to improve risk assessment and prevention.Materials and Methods: A prospective study at KLE’s Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital (Nov 2022–June 2024) included 64 participants: 32 prostate cancer cases and 32 BPH controls. Data were collected through questionnaires on lifestyle, diet, and medical history, alongside PSA measurements and genetic testing for BRCA1, BRCA2, and HOXB13 mutations. Statistical analysis used SPSS, with p-values < 0.05 considered significant.Results: Prostate cancer risk was significantly associated with age (p < 0.001), PSA levels (p < 0.001), non-vegetarian diets (p < 0.001), and family history (p = 0.001). BRCA2 and HOXB13 mutations were linked to hereditary cancer. Smoking, alcohol, and obesity increased risk, while diets rich in fruits and vegetables were protective.Conclusion: Prostate cancer arises from genetic and lifestyle factors. Early screening, PSA monitoring, and preventive strategies, such as diet and lifestyle modifications, can mitigate risk and improve outcomes.