Comparative Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome Components in Individuals with Normal and Elevated Inflammatory Activity

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) comprises interrelated metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, linked to increased cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation exacerbates these components, contributing to their clustering. However, limited studies have explored the differential impact of inflammatory activity on MS components. This study aims to compare MS components in individuals with normal and elevated inflammatory activity, with a focus on their association with bone disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 patients aged 20–80 years diagnosed with bone disorders. Participants were categorized based on inflammatory markers, particularly C-reactive protein (CRP). Data on anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, and bone turnover markers were collected. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessed bone mineral density (BMD). Statistical analyses included independent t-tests and regression models to evaluate associations. Results: Among the participants, elevated inflammatory activity was strongly correlated with metabolic abnormalities. Raised fasting blood sugar (FBS) was the most prevalent MS component in individuals with high inflammatory activity (27%), followed by central obesity (24%). Conversely, raised triglycerides (37.19%) and reduced HDL cholesterol (18.48%) were more common in individuals with normal inflammatory activity. A significant overlap was observed between MS and bone disorders, with 72.4% of patients showing both conditions. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis were the most reported bone disorders, each affecting 52 patients. Conclusion: The study underscores inflammation’s central role in modulating MS components and its association with bone disorders. These findings advocate for integrating inflammatory markers into MS risk stratification, fostering personalized therapeutic approaches to improve metabolic and skeletal outcomes. Future research should expand on longitudinal dynamics and therapeutic efficacy in diverse populations.