Effect of Cyanoacrylate Adhesives on Shear Bond Strength Between 3D-Printed Denture Bases and 3D-Printed Teeth

Introduction: The advent of 3D printing in prosthodontics has improved denture fabrication by offering greater precision and customization. However, achieving a strong bond between 3D-printed denture bases and teeth remains a challenge, affecting prosthesis longevity. Cyanoacrylate adhesives, known for their rapid bonding properties, may offer an alternative to conventional bonding techniques. This study evaluates and compares the shear bond strength of ethyl, n-butyl, and iso-amyl cyanoacrylate adhesives in bonding 3D-printed denture bases and teeth. Methodology: 3D-printed denture base and tooth specimens were fabricated according to ISO-TS 19736 standardization and were divided into control printing resin, ethyl cyanoacrylate, n-butyl cyanoacrylate, and iso-amyl cyanoacrylate groups. Bonding protocol followed the manufacturer’s instructions. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed failures. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: A statistically significant difference in shear bond strength was observed among the groups. Iso-amyl cyanoacrylate exhibited the highest bond strength, followed by n-butyl cyanoacrylate and the control, while ethyl cyanoacrylate showed the weakest bond. The control and ethyl cyanoacrylate groups exhibited adhesive failures, while n-butyl and iso-amyl cyanoacrylate displayed mixed and cohesive failures, indicating stronger bonds. Conclusion: Iso-amyl and n-butyl cyanoacrylate significantly improve the shear bond strength of 3D-printed dentures compared to conventional 3D-printing resin and ethyl cyanoacrylate. Iso-amyl cyanoacrylate shows the most promise for clinical use, warranting further research on its long-term performance.