Knowledge of Renal Transplantation, Its Sources, and Correlates among First-Degree Relatives of End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients: A Study on the Primary Donor Pool in Pakistan

Aim: Renal transplantation in Pakistan, the fifth most populous country, relies almost entirely on the willingness of first-degree relatives (FDR) of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients to donate organs. Studies suggest that the willingness to donate is closely tied to knowledge about transplantation. This study is the first of its kind in Pakistan, aiming to fill this knowledge gap. Objective: To assess renal transplantation knowledge among FDR of ESKD patients, investigate its sources, and explore associations with demographic factors and reasons for inadequate knowledge. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the dialysis Unit, National Institute of Kidney and Urological Diseases (NIKUD) Research Hospital, The Kidney Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan Ethical approval and consent were obtained. First-degree blood relatives of ESKD patients were included. A structured questionnaire assessed knowledge about kidney transplantation. Results: Among 200 FDRs, 27.5% were parents, 28.5% were siblings, and 44% were offspring. Adequate knowledge was observed in 153 participants (76.5%), while 47 (23.5%) had inadequate knowledge. Younger participants (18-40 years), females, offspring of ESKD patients, and postgraduates demonstrated better knowledge. Notably, 69.5% incorrectly believed that kidneys could be sold for financial gain. Media was the primary information source for 58.5%, while only 23.5% received information from healthcare professionals. Conclusion: This study reveals significant knowledge gaps among FDR of ESKD patients in Pakistan, underscoring the need for targeted education to improve organ donation rates in a country burdened by kidney disease.