Human security in the context of unconventional security threats. A theoretical approach

This article explores the concept of human security in the context of the emergence of a suite of unconventional threats that undermine traditional state-centered security paradigms. Drawing on document analysis, the article redefines security as individual-oriented, emphasising the interdependence between fundamental rights, human development, and global stability. It addresses the complex dimensions of human security –economic, food, health, environmental, ecological, personal, community and political – and the principles that underpin it, including the legitimacy of authorities, multilateralism and a focus on prevention and early intervention. This article highlights the shift from exclusively military to multidimensional security, in which the state shares responsibility with international organizations, NGOs and civil society. The importance of the theme lies in its ability to respond to global challenges such as climate change, migration and pandemics, reaffirming the imperative of transnational cooperation to protect the dignity and well-being of individuals.