Research Advances on Viral Infections after Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

造血干细胞移植(Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, HSCT)是治疗儿童多种血液系统疾病的重要手段，但移植后病毒感染仍是影响患者长期生存率和生活质量的主要因素之一。常见的病毒感染包括巨细胞病毒(Cytomegalovirus, CMV)、EB病毒(Epstein-Barr Virus, EBV)、腺病毒(Adenovirus, ADV)和BK病毒(BK Virus, BKV)。这些病毒感染不仅增加了移植相关的并发症和死亡率，还给治疗带来极大挑战。本文综述了儿童HSCT术后常见病毒感染的流行病学特点、发病机制、临床表现以及防治策略。针对CMV、EBV、ADV和BKV的防治方法，包括预防性治疗、监测引导治疗及药物应用的进展，讨论了临床中面临的挑战和未来研究的方向。希望通过对这些病毒感染的深入理解，能够为临床治疗提供有效参考，并为未来的研究提供指导。Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important therapeutic method for treating various pediatric hematologic diseases. However, viral infections post-transplantation remains a major factor affecting long-term survival rates and quality of life. Common viral infections include cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), adenovirus (ADV), and BK virus (BKV). These infections not only increase transplant-related complications and mortality but also present significant challenges in treatment. This review summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and prevention strategies for common viral infections following pediatric HSCT. The progress in prevention, monitoring-guided treatment, and drug application for CMV, EBV, ADV, and BKV is discussed, highlighting clinical challenges and directions for future research. A deeper understanding of these viral infections will provide valuable references for clinical management and guidance for future studies.