Research on Site Selection of Emergency Logistics Facilities Based on Urban Rail Transit

城市轨道交通以其高速、大容量和广泛覆盖的网络，成为应急物流中的关键运输工具。本文致力于通过优化选址策略，充分利用城市轨道交通的这些优势，以提升应急物流的效率和响应速度。本文考虑建造成本、轨道交通运输时间、轨道交通运输量、物资储存量、服务覆盖范围等因素，建立了具有轨道交通特性的选址目标函数，旨在最小化应急物流设施建造成本和配送时间，同时最大化服务水平和满意度目标。然后采用AHP和NSGA-II方法结合GIS数据分析对模型进行求解优化。最后以上海市为例，验证模型和算法的实用性及有效性。结果表明，设施点布局通过NSGA-II算法优化，实现了求解时间、服务覆盖范围增加、设施点成本节约及鲁棒性评分的全面优化，基于城市轨道交通的应急物流设施点选址具有较强的应用价值。Urban rail transit, with its high speed, large capacity, and extensive network coverage, has become a crucial transportation mode in emergency logistics. This study aims to enhance the efficiency and responsiveness of emergency logistics by optimizing location strategies and fully leveraging the advantages of urban rail transit. Considering factors such as construction costs, rail transit time, rail transport capacity, material storage capacity, and service coverage, we establish a location objective function with specific rail transit characteristics. The objective is to minimize the construction costs and delivery time of emergency logistics facilities while maximizing service levels and satisfaction targets. The model is then solved and optimized using a combined approach of AHP and NSGA-II methods, integrated with GIS data analysis. Finally, taking Shanghai as a case study, we verify the practicality and effectiveness of the model and algorithm. The results show that the optimization of facility point layout by NSGA-II algorithm can realize the comprehensive optimization of solution time, service coverage increase, facility point cost saving and robustness score, and the emergency logistics facility point location based on urban rail transit has strong application value.