POPULATION SETTLEMENT TRENDS AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROBLEMS OF UDMURTIA

The content of the concept of “settlement system” is revealed as a complex socio-economic-demographic system, including: 1) an economic base represented by a set of enterprises, organizations and institutions of all forms of ownership and 2) the population itself as an independent biosocial reproductive subsystem. A cause-and-effect relationship between the development of the economic base and the economic and demographic situation has been identified: the more developed the economic base, the more attractive the settlement is for the population and vice versa. The poor development of the economic base in most settlements of Udmurtia, especially in rural areas, is the reason for the outflow of the population from the village and the reduction of rural settlements. Depopulation of the population is observed throughout Udmurtia as a whole, which indicates an unfavorable socio-demographic situation in the region. In addition to low birth rates and high mortality rates, there is a tendency for the rural population to move to regional centers, cities and the regional capital. The identification of three structural parts within the regional settlement system of Udmurtia is justified: Izhevsk agglomeration; 24 district settlement systems; more than 300 local vital activity systems (LSPS). A description of the identified parts of the settlement is given. The structure of LSZHN is presented in the form of 4 interconnected sections: 1) basic human needs, as target guidelines for the formation and development of LSZHN; 2) local population settlement system and demographic situation in the territory; 3) the state of the economic base; 4) resources of the territory. The issue of designing LSZHN is considered, which, according to the author, is the basis for comprehensive socio-economic planning for the development of the territory. In the planning process, it is necessary to achieve full employment and comprehensive development of the social and living sphere of LSZHN.