Biology of <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae</i> (Coquillett) on Bitter Gourd

Biology and morphometry of Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) on bitter gourd revealed that the total lifespan varied from 59.28± 5.52 to 63.05± 5.93 days. Sex ratio remained nearly constant, with survivorship slightly higher in July and August. Eggs measured 0.78± 0.05 x 0.21± 0.02 mm. Pupae measured 6.99± 0.48 x 2.34± 0.05 mm as larvae grew larger through each instar. Adult males measured 6.21± 0.13 x 3.02± 0.11 mm and had a wingspan of 12.06± 0.27 mm. Adult females were larger, measuring 7.28± 0.10 mm in length, 2.88± 0.10 mm in width, and 15.02± 0.28 mm. This study provides insights into the biology, morphometry, and seasonal variations in the development of Zeugodacus cucurbitae on bitter gourd, aiding in pest management strategies under Punjab conditions.