EXTREMIST AND TERRORIST CRIMES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF KYRGYZSTAN AND RUSSIA

Introduction: This article highlights the problematic issues of combating extremist and terrorist crimes based on the assessment of the current situation, a comparative legal analysis of the criminal legislation of Kyrgyzstan and Russia, statistical data from competent state authorities and international institutions. To improve the criminal legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic, proposals for amendments and additions to the criminal law regarding the studied criminal offenses have been formulated, taking into account the positive experience of Russia. Materials and Methods: The basis for the writing of this article consisted of the constitutions, criminal codes, special laws of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation, statistical data from competent state authorities and international institutions, as well as an analysis of the works of individual legal scholars on the examined issues. The methods applied include dialectical, comparative legal, formal-logical, and others. Results: The criminal legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation regulates the responsibility for extremist and terrorist crimes in virtually the same aspects. A comparison of the provisions in the Criminal Codes of Kyrgyzstan and Russia shows that some extremist and terrorist acts are not included in the criminal legislation of either Kyrgyzstan or Russia. This is explained by the fact that they are classified as administrative offenses. The analysis of the criminal legislation and law enforcement practices in Kyrgyzstan provides grounds to assert that there are certain shortcomings in the fight against extremism and terrorism, which need to be addressed, taking into account the positive experience of the Russian Federation. Discussion and Conclusions: The research results indicate trends towards tightening responsibility in the Criminal Codes of Kyrgyzstan and Russia for committing terrorist and extremist crimes. There has been an increase in the length of imprisonment, including life sentences. For certain offenses, in addition to the main punishment of imprisonment, the court may apply additional penalties such as confiscation of property, fines, and other forms of punishment. To increase the effectiveness of combating extremism and terrorism in the Kyrgyz Republic, it is deemed appropriate to: 1. Classify extremist and terrorist crimes based on the specific type of extremist activity, such as religious, political, etc., as outlined in the Russian Criminal Code. 2. In law enforcement practice, consider the positive experience of the Russian Federation: - on blocking extremist and terrorist materials on the Internet; - on funding programs aimed at the rehabilitation of individuals involved in extremist and terrorist activities. 3. Engage in close cooperation with other states and international organizations in the fight against extremism and terrorism, taking into account their positive experiences.