Nasal delivery of killed Bacillus subtilis spores protects against influenza, RSV and SARS-CoV-2
Taken together, our results show that <i>Bacillus</i> spores are able to regulate both innate and adaptive immunity, providing heterologous protection against a variety of important respiratory viruses of high global disease burden.
Authors
- Murielle Baltazar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1972-2308)
- Aras Kadioglu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1137-6321)
- Rong Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9087-2982)
- Daniel Hynes
- Daan Beentjes
- Simon M. Cutting (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0575-5050)
- Tessa Prince (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8796-2629)
- William Love
- Shadia Khandaker
- Noor Allehyani
- Huynh A. Hong
- Linh Hanh Nguyen
- Yen-Linh Thi Ho
Institutions
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Shaqra University (SA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Published
- 2025-04-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1501907
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 3.19
Funders
- University of Liverpool
- Innovate UK