KEY FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FORMATION OF CITY DEVELOPMENT MODELS

Problem Statement and Purpose. The article examines the key factors influencing the formation of city development models, including demographic changes, economic potential, geographical conditions, and technological progress. It is considered how the geographical location of the city affects its infrastructural development, economic orientation and development strategies chosen by development companies. Special attention is paid to the impact of demographic changes, such as migration and population growth, on the infrastructure and social needs of cities, and the problem of economic potential in different geographical contexts is also revealed. It is analyzed how technological progress, in particular the development of smart cities, transforms urban space, and the role of development companies in implementing innovative solutions in the face of climate change and natural disasters is also considered. Data & Methods. The article uses an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of urban development models, including theoretical research methods such as comparative analysis, synthesis, systematic approach and modelling. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the latest scientific works, statistical data and examples from urban planning practice. Results. The study found that urban development patterns are shaped by many factors, with geography, demographic change, economic potential, technological progress and infrastructure capabilities playing a key role. Geographical factors such as natural resources, climatic conditions and access to transport routes continue to determine the economic orientation of cities, steering them towards the development of certain sectors such as industry, trade or technology. At the same time, these same factors also impose constraints on growth and require adaptive urban planning strategies. Demographic changes, such as migration and population growth, put pressure on urban infrastructure and labour markets, resulting in the need to expand housing stock and develop social and transport services. On the one hand, this stimulates urban development, but on the other hand, it leads to imbalances in the distribution of resources between large urban centers and less developed regions, which requires careful planning and investment. The economic potential of cities is closely linked to their geographical location and the availability of natural resources, but at the present stage, the use of human capital and innovative technologies is becoming increasingly important. Cities with well-developed educational and research institutions are becoming centers of innovation, attracting foreign investment and promoting the development of knowledge-intensive industries. Technological progress has a significant impact on shaping urban development models, as the introduction of innovative technologies allows for more efficient use of resources, sustainable management of urban systems, and reduction of environmental risks. In particular, the digitalisation of management processes, the use of geographic information systems and smart city technologies help to optimize urban space and improve the quality of life of the population. In order to achieve sustainable urban development, it is necessary to develop strategies that take into account the complex impact of geographical, demographic, economic and technological factors. Such an approach will ensure the balanced development of both large urban centers and smaller cities, contributing to national economic growth and improving the quality of life.