Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Quinoxaline-Based Compounds as Potential Antiviral Agents against Emerging Viruses

Quinoxalines are nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds that have attracted a lot of attention in scientific research because of their important biological activities and multifaceted functionalization capabilities. The study's scope includes their use as powerful antiviral agents, especially in the field of respiratory diseases, which is a major concern in this thorough review. Potential influenza inhibitors, anti-SARS coronavirus inhibitors, anti-SARS-CO-2 coronavirus inhibitors, and various respiratory antiviral activities are some of their notable pharmacological effects. As a result, several of these quinoxalines have been described in the literature for their stated biological effects using a variety of synthetic techniques. Along with a summary of recent research, we offered insights into quinoxaline synthesis, the structure–activity relationship (SAR), and antiviral activities in this review. The article further encapsulates the gamut of past and ongoing research efforts in the design and synthetic exploration of antiviral scaffolds, with a pronounced emphasis on their strategic deployment against viral pandemics, contextualized against the tapestry of the recent terms.