Green Chemistry-Based Investigation of Passiflora Extracts: Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease Mechanisms

In this study, it is aimed to determine some biological activities of the plant Passiflora incarnata L., which is primarily utilized for its sedative effects. In order to, the dry plant material obtained from the herba into a powder using a grinder, and extracts were prepared using ethanol, water, and ethanol-water (50:50; v/v). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of these extracts were determined using pyrocatechol and quercetin as standards, respectively. The enzyme inhibitions of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase for the three different extracts obtained were investigated in vitro using the Ellman method to determine their activities. Notably, this study represents the first time that water bath extraction at 60°C has been applied to P. incarnata with these three solvents, combining total phenolic and flavonoid analysis with an environmental sustainability evaluation. The sustainability of the extraction methods was assessed using the AGREE: Analytical Greenness Calculator, which allowed us to evaluate their environmental impact. This unique combination of biological and green chemistry analyses emphasizes both the therapeutic potential and the environmental sustainability of P. incarnata.