Sex‐specific associations of <i>Roseburia</i> with uric acid metabolism and hyperuricemia risk in females

Hyperuricemia (HUA) affects approximately 14% of the population, with a marked gender disparity showing lower incidence in females. While the role of gut microbiota in HUA has been extensively studied in males, its influence in females remains unclear. This study recruited 623 participants, including 270 females, to explore this gap using 16S rDNA sequencing. We found that <i>Roseburia</i> was significantly enriched in healthy females and negatively correlated with estrogen (E2) and uric acid (UA) levels. Validation using three published cohorts (256 samples) confirmed <i>Roseburia</i> as a critical genus for UA regulation. Mechanistically, <i>Roseburia</i> was positively correlated with the xanthine-glycine metabolic pathway, which may influence UA production in females. These findings shed light on gender differences in HUA incidence from a gut microbiota perspective and propose <i>Roseburia</i> as a promising target for probiotic-based prevention of HUA in females.